Now I have a real problem. the NUC doesn't start at all

Obvious question first: Have you tried going back to the original power supply?

Have you connected a monitor or a TV to the HDMI port? If so, what do you see on the display? Post a photo of the display if there is any message.

If there is a message on the display about ‘can’ t find boot disk’ or similar, can you connect a USB keyboard and enter the BIOS setup by pressing F2 as it boots?

If you can get into the BIOS setup, can you see the Nvme SSD listed in the storage section?

Please report back with answers.